Factual description of the scenario
Şerife was born in rural area. She has a lot of problems because of her social and economic conditions. She has problems with her family too. Şerife’s mother died when Şerife was born. She has four siblings. Two of her siblings are visually impaired. She looked after her visually impaired brother and sister except for schooltimes. Şerife lives in Kayseri, and has gone to Salur elementary school. Serife is 10 years old and continues to third class, but she has failed one school year.
Şerife who takes education at a multigrade class, has a lot of adaptation problems with her friends. Multigrade classes are the classes in rural areas that many children from different ages and different grades are educated in the same classroom. She had problems about her lessons and with her friends from the beginning of her education life. Specialists who work in counseling and research center have decided that she has mild cognitive disorder.
Attitude and behaviour of the protagonist student
She has a lot of adaptation problems with her friends and has problems about bad grades. Şerife has some specific behaviors which are incompatible for classroom environment and some inappropriate behaviors to her friends. She wants to leave school.
Attitude and behaviour of the classmates
At the beginning, the teacher didn’t understand Şerife’s weird behaviors in the class. Later on, the teacher started to understand Şerife’s problems day by day. The teacher decided to send Şerife to counseling and to a research center in order to make an individual education plan; the teacher tried to get permission from her father. Her classroom teacher also has not sufficient experience for implementation of this individual program in classroom. As a result of this, Şerife could not be included fully to individualized training program which was prepared for her.
Attitude and behaviour of the teachers
Compared to the behavior of the student, the teachers of the class think to activate common strategies and homogeneous , but not always this is possible. The class team of teachers, through the coordinator, can only recommend to know better the main aspects of the situation. Teachers try to involve in this step of identification also the different stakeholders, the headteacher and the social services workers, but not always this is possible, for difficulties to dialogue between different actors and for lack of financial and human resources.
The teachers are not completely aware of these actions, they have news often only through the few classmates not involved in these actions, and with many difficulties of relationships .
Attitude and behaviour of the parents
Her father has not accepted her test results. He could not believe that she is mildly intellectual disabilities child. Her father has ignored her special needs. He did not accept to make an effort for his daughter.
Attitude and behaviour of the school director
School director heard Şerife’s problem from her teacher, but he didn’t concentrate on this subject. Solely, he told the teacher to go to the counseling and research center. He approached this issue with neglectfully manner. He didn’t spoke to Şerife about her problems and didn’t try to understand the real situation and the source of her problems. He also didn’t meet Şerife’s family to understand the reasons of her problems about her lessons and friends.
Attitude and behaviour of other actors
Şerife’s relatives didn’t do anything. After Şerife’s mother died, they showed no interest in Şerife’s life and needs. Only her uncle helped Şerife’s father for the children’s school needs. When they learned Şerife’s mild cognitive disorder problem, they moved away from Şerife and did not do very much effort to eliminate the problem.
On the other hand, other social services are not very powerful in rural areas and there was not so much social initiatives to help Şerife’s situation economically or socially. If she was in a big city, maybe she would have received some social and economic support from some people or association, but in rural areas such possibilities are rather limited.
Attitude and behavior of the protagonist
The participants’ reactions
Şerife is different from other students, in that she has a small conceptual disorder. This situation is the main reason why she has difficulties with her friends and environment. When we take a look at the students’ situation, it is seen that she has lack of self-confidence. The specific and aggressive behaviours of hers, which are resulted by this lack of confidence, serve as a self-protection mechanism. She decided to make negative relationships with her friends because of her friends’ humiliation.
See Guidelines Students with Learning Difficulties Guideline for Students, Step 1.
-Observation
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/GL_guide01.php?ta=4&tg=4&st=1
See Guidelines Students with Learning Difficulties Guideline for Students, Step 2.
-Acknowledge the difficulty
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/GL_guide01.php?ta=4&tg=4&st=2
Strategies to be implemented
- Şerife is not an individual who can control her own behaviours and who is aware of her behaviours. So Şerife’s behaviours are shaped by the education she takes, the treatment and other people’s behaviours around her. As the people around her make an effort, Şerife will also make effort and will become more willing to do better and to continue her education.
- It is probably that Şerife does not see much value in her family, and the fact that she has the responsibilities of the house makes her more troubled. Moreover, that she has the problem of integration with the school has caused her to lower her interest for the school.
- When Şerife spends time with her friends, she should behave more adaptively. She should attend applications in the Individualised Education Programme. She should encourage herself to study. She should do the home activities the teacher assigns. She should try to spend more time with the people closer to her.
- The student should see her positive characteristics, develop them and try to communicate with her friends. She should see that she is also as skillful as her friends, and she should continue her relations in this context.
- The school, the family and her friends need to help so that Şerife can continue her school life and accommodate, since she cannot overcome these problems on her own. She needs to be supported by the people in her environment.
See Guidelines Students with Learning Difficulties Guideline for Students, Step 3
-Request for an Advice.
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/GL_guide01.php?ta=4&tg=4&st=3
See Guidelines Students with Learning Difficulties Guideline for Students, Step 4
-Self Evaluation
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/GL_guide.php?ta=4&tg=4
Some useful training resources can be found on the SSN portal such as:
-How Are You Smart? What Students with Learning Disabilities are Teaching Us
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_tsource_scheda.php?art_id=22&ta=3&tg=&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
- Kaynaştırma Eğitimi Animasyon Filmi "Gökkuşağı Okulu"
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_tsource_scheda.php?art_id=57&ta=3&tg=&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
Attitude and behaviour of the classmates
The participants’ reactions
It is possible to find a student in every classroom who is not adaptive and unsuccessful at his/her classes. In order for the problems of the students with those kinds of problems to decrease or to be eliminated, their classmates’ attitude towards them is of great importance. The classmates should show positive behaviours to the student who hesitates to communicate with them or who fails to communicate with them positively.
See Guidelines Students with Learning Difficulties Guideline for Students, Step 7.
-Moving forward
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/GL_guide01.php?ta=4&tg=4&st=7
See Guidelines Students with Learning Difficulties Guideline for Students, Step 8.
-Progress Evaluation
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/GL_guide01.php?ta=4&tg=4&st=8
Strategies to be implemented
- Şerife is a third grader and her friends are not at the age when they can understand Şerife’s difference, and they do not have enough information about her barrier. The fact that Şerife takes the same education with her friends causes her to feel uneasy and she can be humiliated by her friends.
- Her classmates should be given information about Şerife’s situation and should be told that she is different from them. They should treat her by taking this into consideration and they should help her. They should spend time together at classes or out of school.
- The fact that her classmates’ thinking abstractly is underdeveloped, resulting from their age makes it hard for them to understand Şerife’s situation. In this case, the form masters should be more role determining and had better inform the parents of other students in the classroom about this issue. Her friends who have information about Şerife’s situation will care and will find her behaviours more understandable.
- It is supposed that the families talk to their children about the fact that everybody can experience this kind of disorder, thus the students will become more understandable towards Şerife. If her classmates behave towards Şerife in a positive way, the school will be a source of happiness, and her thought of not continuing the school can change.
- The first one of the behaviours her friends need to show her is to invite her to the activities they do during the breaks or at the end of the classes. Accordingly, the student who spends more time with her friends will start behaving more comfortably and making good relationships with her friends. The second positive behaviours to be realized is to create studying setting with their friend who fails to be successful in her classes and to help her. At the end of this process, the misfit student’s success in classes will increase gradually and her misfit behaviours will evaporate because her problem of self-confidence decreases.
Some useful training resources and publications can also be found on the SSN portal such as:
-Supporting Students with Learning Disabilities
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_tsource_scheda.php?art_id=179&ta=3&tg=&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
- The “
[email protected]” blog
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_tsource_scheda.php?art_id=117&ta=3&tg=&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
-In class with a student with learning disorders
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_publications_scheda.php?art_id=45&ta=3&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
Attitude and behaviour of the teachers
The participants’ reactions
One of the most striking factors which can be helpful to eliminate the negative features of the student who has problems in adapting to her environment and classroom and who is not successful in her classes, is the teacher. The teacher should identify from where these problems arise. He/she should seek help from the guidance counsellor in order to identify this.
See Guidelines Students with Learning Difficulties Guideline for Teachers, Step 2.
-Observation
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/GL_guide01.php?ta=4&tg=5&st=2
See Guidelines Students with Learning Difficulties Guideline for Teachers, Step 3.
-Identification of Needs
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/GL_guide01.php?ta=4&tg=5&st=3
Strategies to be implemented
- Firstly, the mission of Şerife’s classroom teacher is to prepare a IEP (Individual Education Programme) for her and to create the necessary conditions and setting to carry out this plan. If he/she is not able to carry it out by himself/herself, he/she should seek help from one of his/her colleagues.
- He/she should visit the student’s house in order to get the parents’ approval. This way he/she can have access to more information about Şerife’s problems. The teacher should inform the parents about how she can better communicate with her parents. The teacher should inform the student on how she should treat her friends, as well. He/she should try to have her participate in the classroom activities by asking easy questions. By this way, the student can gain self-confidence to participate and communicate in the classroom. The teacher, if necessary, should have a contact with Rehabilitation Centres, and, if possible, he/she should prepare individual programmes for her.
- He/she should look for the real reasons why the student is in such kind of circumstances and should not separate her from her other classmates in the classroom. The teachers make use of behaviour changing techniques (not caring about the negative behaviour or what she tells) in order to change her abnormal behaviours in the classroom. Classroom rules can be conveyed in a way the student can understand. The paper on which the classroom rules are hung can be more visible or prepared in a more interesting way.
- The classroom teacher should be in cooperation with the guidance counsellor of the school and should encourage Şerife towards getting help from the guidance counsellor. At the same time, he/she should watch Şerife’s situation.
- The teachers should have Şerife take part in class atmosphere by assigning her for certain missions or responsibilities and accordingly he/she should enable her to communicate with her other friends. Moreover this will create the belief that she can be successful and encourage her for her education life. He/she should assign homework to improve her skills. The topics should be taught shortly and clearly. Her in-class participation should be provided and she should be allowed to speak. The organisation of the classroom can be organised in a way that she can feel more relaxed. It should be kept in mind that Şerife needs help, and that she is different from other students.
Some useful training resources and publications can also be found on the SSN portal such as:
-“Student's induction” Guide for teachers and trainers
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_publications_scheda.php?art_id=116&ta=3&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
-IndexforInclusion. A guide to the evaluation and improvement of inclusive education
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_publications_scheda.php?art_id=112&ta=3&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
-Inspector of Primary Inclusion Learning to Apply Opinions and Advice
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_publications_scheda.php?art_id=285&ta=3&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
-Teaching Students with Reading Difficulties and Disabilities: A guide for educators
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_tsource_scheda.php?art_id=158&ta=3&tg=&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
- Helping children with learning disabilities
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_tsource_scheda.php?art_id=172&ta=3&tg=&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
Attitude and behaviour of the parents
The participants’ reactions
The parents and family life of the students who have adaptation problem and who are unsuccessful in their classes generally constitutes the main reason for the situation. Şerife, who deals with all house works and is responsible for looking after her sight-disabled siblings, is not appreciated by her parents, and at the same time, is not appreciated at the school. This has caused her to become distant from the school.
See Guidelines Students with Learning Difficulties Guideline for Parents, Step 3.
- Requesting an advice
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/GL_guide01.php?ta=4&tg=2&st=3
See Guidelines Students with Learning Difficulties Guideline for Parents, Step 6.
- Success on the learning experience
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/GL_guide01.php?ta=4&tg=2&st=6
Strategies to be implemented
- Because of her mother’s death, Şerife’s father should be given detailed information about her situation and he should be told that if she gets diagnosed it will be better for Şerife. He must admit that she is different from others.
- Her father should admit this situation, help to diagnose, make an effort for house works and to meet other needs because the biggest support that can be given to Şerife, whose mother died, is just her father.
- First of all, the father’s awareness needs to be raised and informed about the fact that her small conceptual disorder does not make her inferior and the fact that if she is supported to continue her education, this situation will not be permanent.
- Even though the father grew up in a village or does not know anything, one of the things he can do is to trust Şerife’s teachers. He should show regard to the test results and give the necessary importance to Şerife’s treatment.
- She should not be always responsible for her siblings. While the family communicates with Şerife, they had better use an open communication way and they should spend more time with her. She should be supported with verbal reinforces and encouraged.
- The family members should not have the students feel the moral and financial material problems, and they are in the position of ensuring that she will not be affected by the problems negatively. The parents should take a close interest in their children’s school performance, and the student should be in a close contact with her teacher and friends. In case of permanency of the negative behaviours, the parents should take their child to the psychologist and take the experts’ opinion. By no means should they compare their child with other children.
Some useful training resources and publications can also be found on the SSN portal such as:
- I Thınk My Child has a Learnıng Dısabılıty. What Should I Do?
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_tsource_scheda.php?art_id=208&ta=3&tg=&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
- Steps Parents Should Take Once Their Child Is Identified With A Learning Disability
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_tsource_scheda.php?art_id=210&ta=3&tg=&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
-“Fostering the child’s positive behaviors” - Learned Lessons - Good Practice Guide for a positive education of the parents, teachers and students
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_publications_scheda.php?art_id=122&ta=3&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
-Equity and Quality in Education – Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Schools
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_publications_scheda.php?art_id=8&ta=3&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
-Anne-Babalara Yönelik E-Öğrenme Portalı İle Otizmli Çocukların Okul Öncesi Eğitime Katılımlarının Artırılması
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_tsource_scheda.php?art_id=58&ta=3&tg=&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
Attitude and behaviour of the school director
The participants’ reactions
The principal was not concerned with the situation the student is in, and he ignored this situation which is one of the duties of an educator. The school director should observe the situation and plan for action of all related stakeholders.
See Guidelines Students with Learning Difficulties Guideline for Head Teachers, Step 4.
- Planning for Action
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/GL_guide01.php?ta=4&tg=1&st=4
See Guidelines Students with Learning Difficulties Guideline for Head Teachers, Step 5.
- Sharing views on the plan
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/GL_guide01.php?ta=4&tg=1&st=5
See Guidelines Students with Learning Difficulties Guideline for Head Teachers, Step 6.
- Monitoring
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/GL_guide01.php?ta=4&tg=1&st=6
Strategies to be implemented
- The principal, who is responsible for whatever happens at school is, of course, responsible for the student with the adaptation problem and showing negative behaviours, as well. The principle, who is responsible for the students’ both social and academic success or failure studying at his school, is one of the actors who should have role in order to eliminate those sorts of problems, as well.
- The principal should be in a cooperation with the form master in order to try to understand the situation and to identify the reasons behind the problems and should get in touch with counselling and research centres for the students in his school.
- At the same time the principal should spare a certain budget with the aim of enabling the students to direct to various corporations in these cases.
- He should communicate with the student’s parents and, if necessary, the parents should be visited. Moreover, he should report the fact that that the student drops out the school is not legal just at the primary school.
- The principal should organise the people who take roles in solving the problem of the student: he should be in contact with the the student’s parents, form master and classmates, prepare a comfortable working setting for the teachers, shouldn’t avoid any moral and material support for the student.
- The resources which can support Şerife’s family economically should be reached. The organisations which can supply maintenance for her disabled siblings.
Some useful training resources and publications can also be found on the SSN portal such as:
-Index for Inclusion. Una guía para la evaluación y mejora de la educación inclusiva
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_publications_scheda.php?art_id=96&ta=3&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
-Education Services to students with disabilities in the autonomous community of Andalusia
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_tsource_scheda.php?art_id=181&ta=3&tg=&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
-Special Educational Needs
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_tsource_scheda.php?art_id=186&ta=3&tg=&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
Attitude and behaviour of other actors
Strategies to be implemented
The people and the organisations who need to help the students with problems with adaptation and academic success are limited to the above.
- His/her relatives are of great function on the child’s life. For this reason, the relatives should not freeze the student out, they should act warmly towards the student so that the student can show his/her positive behaviours.
- Şerife’s relatives and the people surrounding her should not act as if she were different. Rather than becoming distant from her, they should help her for the purpose of her socializing. They should help her socialize. They should have her feel her mother’s absence as little as possible. They should deal with Şerife’s needs. They need to act more closely instead of becoming distant from her, they need to stand by her more.
- Furthermore, social welfare centres available in the region should dominate more regions and provide the people in need, if necessary, with free aiding service
See Guidelines Students with Learning Difficulties Guideline for Policy Makers, Step 3.
-Analyze the current situation based on the current time framework
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/GL_guide01.php?ta=4&tg=3&st=3
See Guidelines Students with Learning Difficulties Guideline for Policy Makers, Step 4.
-Drawing up the strategy
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/GL_guide01.php?ta=4&tg=3&st=4
See Guidelines Students with Learning Difficulties Guideline for Policy Makers, Step 8.
- Establish Continuously Bilateral Communication Channel
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/GL_guide01.php?ta=4&tg=3&st=8
Some useful training resources and publications can also be found on the SSN portal such as:
-Open Seminar for Learning Dissabilities
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_tsource_scheda.php?art_id=107&ta=3&tg=&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
-“Student Centered Learning” Guide for teachers and trainers
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_publications_scheda.php?art_id=120&ta=3&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=
-Learning Disabilities: Cognitive Approaches
http://schoolsafetynet.pixel-online.org/DB_publications_scheda.php?art_id=203&ta=3&tp=&lp=&lr=&q=